The blaze took hold in the bedroom of a High Street property, shortly after 10pm on Saturday.
Firefighters from Musselburgh and Newcraighall put out the blaze.
A spokeswoman for Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue Service said: “A 36-year-old female was rescued from the property by a neighbour.
“The fire service administered oxygen at the scene until the arrival of the ambulance service who transported her to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.”